Forced labour

All work or service which is exacted from any person whether or not under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered themselves voluntarily, according to the ILO’s Forced Labour Convention 29 1930: Ar.2 (1). This definition consists of three elements: work or service refers to all types of work occurring in any activity, industry or sector including in the informal economy; menace of any penalty refers to a wide range of penalties used to compel someone to work; and the term “offered voluntarily” refers to the free and informed consent of a worker to take a job and his or her freedom to leave at any time. Article 2(2) of Convention No. 29 describes five exceptions: compulsory military service; normal civic obligations; prison labour (under certain conditions); work in emergency situations (such as war, calamity or threatened calamity e.g. fire, flood, famine, earthquake), and minor communal services (within the community).

[ https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C029 ]