All work or service which is exacted from any person whether or not under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered themselves voluntarily, according to the ILO’s Forced Labour Convention 29 1930: Ar.2 (1). This definition consists of three elements: work or service refers to all types of work occurring in any activity, industry or sector including in the informal economy; menace of any penalty refers to a wide range of penalties used to compel someone to work; and the term “offered voluntarily” refers to the free and informed consent of

Is a fundamental right of workers in the EU allowing to look for a job in another EU country, to work there without needing a work permit, reside there for that purpose, stay there even after employment has finished and enjoy equal treatment with nationals in access to employment, working conditions and all other social and tax advantages.  It entails the abolition of any discrimination based on nationality between workers of the Member States.

This is a model for implementing the holistic approach that combines the range of policy approaches and measures available. This model asserts that the most effective approach is to concurrently implement direct measures (e.g. workplace inspections) to enhance the power of authorities as well as indirect measures (e.g. awareness raising) to enhance trust in authorities.  It is based on evidence that a high trust high power approach is the most effective in tackling undeclared work.